2. Signaling Pathways
  3. MAPK/ERK Pathway
  4. p38 MAPK

p38 MAPK

p38 MAPK

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The p38 MAPK family consists of highly conserved proline-directed serine-threonine protein kinases that are activated in response to a number many growth factors, cytokines, and chemotactic substances, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), PDGF, TNF, interleukins, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). It is well known that p38 is involved in inflammation, apoptosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cell differentiation.

The p38 MAPK family is composed of four proteins: p38α (encoded by the gene Mapk14), p38β (Mapk11), p38γ (Mapk12), and p38δ (Mapk13). Their coding genes have a distinct tissue distribution and they appear differentially expressed, being Mapk14 the most highly expressed. p38 MAPKs are substrates for three MAP2K (MKK6, MKK3, and MKK4). The contribution of each of these MAP2K to p38 MAPKs activation depends on the stimulus and the cell type. The MAP3Ks that lead to p38 MAPKs activation are ASK1, DLK1, TAK1, TAO1, TAO2, TPL2, MLK3, MEKK3, MEKK4, and ZAK1.

p38 MAPK Isoform Specific Products:

p38 MAPK Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-129138R
    Cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside chloride (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside (chloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside (chloride) (HY-129138). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside chloride is an anthocyanin. Cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside chloride inhibits inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6) expression and NO production. Cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside chloride inhibits the phosphorylation of STAT3, IκB, ERK, p38, and AKT. Cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside chloride inhibits high pressure-induced decrease in GLAST. Cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside chloride exerts anti-inflammatory and skin barrier modulating effects. Cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside chloride can be used in retinal research.
    Cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside chloride (Standard)
  • HY-N12466
    3′-O-Demethyl-4′-N-demethyl-4′-N-acetyl-4′-epi-staurosporine
    		Inhibitor
    3′-O-Demethyl-4′-N-demethyl-4′-N-acetyl-4′-epi-staurosporine (Compound 7) is an inhibitor of protein kinases, with IC50s of 0.092, 0.26, 0.77 μM for PKC-α, ROCK, ASK1. 3′-O-Demethyl-4′-N-demethyl-4′-N-acetyl-4′-epi-staurosporine shows potent cytotoxicity against PC-3 cancer cells with an IC50 value of 0.16 μM.
    3′-O-Demethyl-4′-N-demethyl-4′-N-acetyl-4′-epi-staurosporine
  • HY-181098
    FKA-9i
    		Inhibitor
    FKA-9i is an orally active anticancer agent. FKA-9i directly binds to and promotes the degradation of oncoproteins LRPPRC (kd: 7.387 μM), YBX1 (kd: 16.52 μM) and RPN1 (kd: 26.82 μM). FKA-9i inhibits the MAPK signaling pathway and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. FKA-9i also induces cancer cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS accumulation. FKA-9i can be used in the research of tumors such as gastric cancer.
    FKA-9i
  • HY-134000
    Emodic acid
    		Inhibitor 98.00%
    Emodic acid (NSC624610) is an anthraquinone compound isolated from A. microcarpus, which can inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells by inhibiting the activity of NF-κB. Emodic acid can also inhibit the phosphorylation of p38, ERK and JNK, the secretion of tumor-promoting cytokines IL-1β and IL-6, and the expression of VEGF and MMP, thereby inhibiting the invasion and migration potential of cancer cells.
    Emodic acid
  • HY-P10072
    MK2-IN-5
    MK2-IN-5 is a Mk2 pseudosubstrate (Ki= 8 μM). MK2-IN-5 targets the protein interaction domain in the MAPK pathway. MK2-IN-5 inhibits HSP25 and HSP27 phosphorylation.
    MK2-IN-5
  • HY-N10009
    Cudraflavone B
    		Activator
    Cudraflavone B is a prenylated flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. Cudraflavone B is also a dual inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2. Cudraflavone B blocks the translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in macrophages. Thus, Cudraflavone B inhibits tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) gene expression and secretion. Cudraflavone B also triggers the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, activates NF-κB, the MAPK p38, and ERK, and induced the expression of SIRT1. Thus Cudraflavone B inhibits the growth of human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.
    Cudraflavone B
  • HY-W711035
    Picolinafen
    		Activator
    Picolinafen is a pyridine-class herbicide that acts as a phytoene desaturase (PDS) inhibitor. Picolinafen effectively controls broadleaf weeds and disrupts carotenoid biosynthesis. Picolinafen exhibits cytotoxicity to porcine trophectoderm (pTr) and luminal epithelial (pLE) cells. Picolinafen induces (ROS accumulation, calcium depletion, and activates (MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways, leading to decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis, impaired migration, and altered expression of implantation-related genes. Picolinafen has an LD50 value of 2.7 mg/kg in mammals and 7 μg/L in fish. Picolinafen exhibits toxic effects during zebrafish embryogenesis[1][2].
    Picolinafen
  • HY-N6189
    MBL-1
    		Inhibitor
    MBL-1 is an orally active anti-inflammatory agent. MBL-1 can be isolated from the fermentation broth of Aspergillus sp. derived from gorgonians. MBL-1 inhibits the activity of the hCOX-2 protein with an IC50 of 5.77 μM. MBL-1 reduces the production of key pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, ROS, IL-1β and IL-18 by inhibiting the MAPK/NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways. MBL-1 exerts a protective effect against DSS-induced colitis. MBL-1 can be used for the research of ulcerative colitis.
    MBL-1
  • HY-W714183
    Dinitramine
    		Activator
    Dinitramine is a herbicide. Dinitramine activates the Erk/P38/JNK/MAPK pathway and inactivates the PI3k/Akt pathway in testicular cells. Dinitramine induces endoplasmic reticulum stress, dysregulation of calcium homeostasis in the cytoplasm and mitochondria, apoptosis, and downregulated expression of cell cycle genes in testicular cells. Dinitramine reduces the viability and proliferation capacity of testicular cells, and inhibits cell division by suppressing the synthesis of tubulin. Dinitramine induces abnormal heart development, inhibited angiogenesis, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and impaired embryonic growth in zebrafish embryos.
    Dinitramine
  • HY-179517
    ASK1-IN-12
    		Inhibitor
    ASK1-IN-12 is an ASK1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.3 nM. ASK1-IN-12 inhibits TNF-α-induced activation of the ASK1-p38/JNK pathway. ASK1-IN-12 can reduce free fatty acid-induced cholesterol increase, lipid droplet accumulation and improves hepatocellular steatosis. ASK1-IN-12 can be used for the research of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
    ASK1-IN-12
  • HY-149496
    Akt/NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    Akt/NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1 (compound 2m) is a potent and orally active inhibitor against NO (IC50=7.70 μM) with no significant toxicity. Akt/NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1 shows anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting Akt/NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
    Akt/NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1
  • HY-14412
    p38α inhibitor 4
    		p53 Inhibitor
    p38α inhibitor 4 (compound 10) is a selective and allosteric p38α inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.2 μM. p38α inhibitor 4 exhibits no activity against p38β, p38γ, and p38δ.
    p38α inhibitor 4
  • HY-139844
    Anti-inflammatory agent 7
    		Inhibitor
    Anti-inflammatory agent 7 inhibits proinflammatory cytokines by blocking the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells as well as mice.
    Anti-inflammatory agent 7
  • HY-171290
    Casein kinase 1δ-IN-31
    		Inhibitor
    Casein kinase 1δ-IN-31 (Compound 16) is the inhibitor for casein kinase (CK) that inhibits CK1α, CK1δ, and p38α with IC50s of 196, 17, and 18 nM, respectively. Casein kinase 1δ-IN-31 inhibits Double Homeobox 4 (DUX4) with IC50 of 1200 nM.
    Casein kinase 1δ-IN-31
  • HY-116295
    MRS2690
    		Activator
    MRS2690 is a selective P2Y14 receptor agonist. MRS2690 inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity, thereby reducing intracellular cAMP levels and mediating concentration-dependent vasoconstriction of porcine coronary arteries. MRS2690 induces intracellular calcium mobilization, activates P38 and stimulates [35S]GTPγS binding to RBL-2H3 cell membranes. MRS2690 enhances antigen (NP-BSA)-, C3a-induced β-hexosaminidase (β-Hex) release. MRS2690can be used for ischemic heart disease.
    MRS2690
  • HY-105854
    Pipoxolan hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor
    Pipoxolan hydrochloride is an anti-spasmotic agent. Pipoxolan hydrochloride induces Apoptosis, increases intracellular ROS. Pipoxolan hydrochloride down-regulates phosphorylation JNK and p38, and then, MMP-2 and -9. Pipoxolan hydrochloride relieves smooth muscle spasms in the digestive, urinary, and gynecological systems. Pipoxolan hydrochloride also exhibits anticancer activity against leukemia, oral squamous cell carcinoma, and lung adenocarcinoma.
    Pipoxolan hydrochloride
  • HY-N1500S1
    Pulegone-d8
    		Inhibitor
    Pulegone-d8 is deuterated labeled Pulegone (HY-N1500). Pulegone is a monoterpene ketone compound widely present in the essential oils of many plants. Pulegone can also be used as a bird repellent. Pulegone has multiple activities such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-hyperalgesic effects. Pulegone is particularly effective against bacteria of the Salmonella species.
    Pulegone-d<sub>8</sub>
  • HY-146223A
    (3R,10R,14aS)-AZD4625
    		Inhibitor 98.00%
    (3R,10R,14aS)-AZD4625 is the isomer of AZD4625 (HY-146223), and can be used as an experimental control. AZD4625 is an orally active, selective irreversible, covalent allosteric GTPase KRASG12C inhibitor with an IC50 of 3 nM. AZD4625 can inhibit the MAPK pathway (with decreased pCRAF, pMEK, and pERK) and the PI3K pathway (with decreased pAKT and pS6), and induce cell apoptosis. AZD4625 has no binding and inhibition of wild-type RAS or isoforms carrying non-KRASG12C mutations. AZD4625 can be used for the study of KRASG12C mutant non-small cell lung cancer.
    (3R,10R,14aS)-AZD4625
  • HY-A0012R
    Darifenacin hydrobromide (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Darifenacin (hydrobromide) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Darifenacin (hydrobromide). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Darifenacin (hydrobromide) is a selective and orally active M3 muscarinic receptor (M3R) antagonist with a pKi of 8.9. Darifenacin (hydrobromide) binds >20-fold more specifically to M3R than to other muscarinic receptors. Darifenacin (hydrobromide) can be used in the study of urinary incontinence and other symptoms of overactive bladder. Darifenacin (hydrobromide) inhibits tumor growth in colorectal cancer cells and has anti-tumor effects.
    Darifenacin hydrobromide (Standard)
  • HY-P11617
    CLP-d2
    		Inhibitor
    CLP-d2 is a multi-target anti-inflammatory agent, osteoclastogenesis inhibitor and immunomodulator with superior pharmacokinetic properties to Daptomycin (HY-B0108) and good safety profiles. CLP-d2 inhibits the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways by reducing the expression levels of c-Fos and NFATc1, and decreasing the phosphorylation levels of IκBα, p65, ERK and JNK, thereby reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β to exert anti-inflammatory activity. CLP-d2 inhibits intra-articular osteoclastogenesis in mice, alleviates bone erosion and joint swelling, reduces synovial hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration, and decreases serum rheumatoid factor (RF) levels. CLP-d2 is applicable to related research on rheumatoid arthritis.
    CLP-d2
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Species Source
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
p38 MAPK Isoform Comparison

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